An asphaltic mud additive that has been reacted with sulfite to add anionic sulfonate groups to the complex molecular structure. Sulfonate groups make an additive water dispersible, depending on the extent of sulfonation.
Gilsonite
Gilsonite is the generic name of a mineral oil-based hydrocarbon group registered . In fact, when the crude oil in the depths of the earth loses the volatile substances over time and under atmospheric factors, a solid black material remains that is called natural bitumen.
Polyamine
A polyamine is an organic compound having more than two amino groups. Alkyl polyamines occur naturally, but some are synthetic. Alkylpolyamines are colorless, hygroscopic, and water soluble. Near neutral pH, they exist as the ammonium derivatives.
Polyglycol
Polyethylene glycol is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine.
Silicates
Silicates are the minerals containing silicon and oxygen in tetrahedral SiO44– units, which are linked together in several patterns. About 95% of the earth’s crust is composed of silicate minerals, aluminosilicate clays or silica.
2. Viscosities Additives
PAC
Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) is a widely used drilling fluid additive. It has a similar molecular structure to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). However, it is considered better than CMC in terms of filtration reduction, anti-salt, anti-collapse, and high-temperature resistance. It can be used at temperatures up to 150°C.
HEC
Hydroxyethyl cellulose is a water soluble, white powder often used as a stabiliser and thickener in products like creams, lotions and shampoos. Hydroxyethyl cellulose is produced from natural cellulose which is sourced from cotton
Starch
Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants for energy storage.
Xanthan Gum
Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive. It is an effective thickening agent and stabilizer that prevents ingredients from separating.
3. Lost Circulation Material
Diverse Range Of LCM
Lost circulation material (LCM) refers to additives introduced to the drilling fluid when there are signs of inadvertent returns or the loss of drilling fluid into the formation
4. PH Control Agents
MgO
Magnesium oxide is an inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral periclase. In aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide. It is used as an antacid and mild laxative and has many nonmedicinal uses. DrugBank.
Caustic Soda
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydroxide anions OH −. Sodium hydroxide. Sodium, Na.
5. Utility Chemicals
KCL
Potassium chloride is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste.
Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). The natural mineral form is nahcolite. It is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in many mineral springs.
NaCl
Sodium chloride, also known as salt, common salt, table salt or halite, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. Sodium chloride is the primary salt in seawater and in the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms.
Soda Ash
Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na 2CO 3 and its various hydrates. All forms are white, odourless, water-soluble salts that yield alkaline solutions in water.
Lime
Calcium hydroxide, traditionally called slaked lime, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca2. It is a colorless crystal or white powder and is obtained when calcium oxide is mixed, or “slaked” with water.
6. Weighting Agents
Barite
Barite is commonly used as a density increasing agent for all types of drilling mud. One of the essential functions of drilling mud is the control of formation fluid pressure to prevent blowouts. Sometimes the mud density must be raised to stabilize fragile formations to reduce the risk of a blowout.
Hematite
Its major use is as a source of iron for the production of that metal and of steel. Due to its hardness, high natural purity, abundance and low price, hematite has found increasing uses in fields removed from smelting, such as oil and gas production and exploration, as part of drilling fluids.
bentonite
Bentonite API consists primarily of the clay mineral Montmorillonite e and is mainly used to improve the viscosity of drilling mud and to stabilize the borehole